The study of the Effective Factors in Iran-Saudi Tension before and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Based On Schuler's Theory of Balance of Interests

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two main actors, rivals and activists in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf. Due to the constant and changing factors affecting the relations between the two countries in different periods, they have adopted various policies from relative cooperation to competition and confrontation. In this regard, in some periods, both before and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, we have witnessed the expansion of relations and de-escalation between the two countries; but there has always been a degree of rivalry and animosity between the two countries. In this regard, the tension and incompatibility between the two countries, with the beginning of new developments in the region, has covered a wider level of differences, which has paved the way for more competition and influence in strategic areas in the region. This has led to tactical and operational changes in the geopolitical domains of the disputed areas, including Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, Bahrain and Iraq, which has been able to create regional and internal rivalries in Iran and Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the tension between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, we seek to answer the main research question that; what are the factors influencing the tension between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia before and after the revolution? To answer this question, the most important factors of tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia in dimensions such as domestic level, regional level, world level, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's view toward Iran as the core of nation of the Islamic world, highlighting the ethnic differences between Iran and Arabs and emphasizing the political differences between the two countries by the Saudi regime, taking a confrontational approach by highlighting the military threats of Iran and overthrowing the dependent regimes and allies of Saudi Arabia can be investigated.